'kks/ki=e~
fo"k;a& laLd`rHkk"kk;k% egRoe~
laLd`rHkk"kk;k% Lo:ie~ &
le~ milxZ
iwoZdkr~ Dr izR;;kUr fØ /kkrksfuZ"iUuks·;a laLd`r'kCn%] ;% vusds"kq
vFksZ"kq O;ofg`;rs
;Fkk &
lEiwfjre~] ifj"d`re~] ifjekftZre~] lq'kksfHkre~] vyad`ra pA
Hkk"k.kkr~
fg Hkk"kk HkofrA Hkk";rs Hkk"k.kkr~ fnO;O;ogkjks·uq"Vh;rs
;;k lk Hkk"kk bfr O;qRiRrs%A Hkk"ks;a fdy iqjk
Hkk"k.kys[kukfn"kq vfi O;og`rk vklhr~A ,oa laLd`rHkk"kk bfr
inL;kFkZ% Hkfo";fr nsoS% _f"kfHk% eqfufHk% vkIriq#"kS% p
O;kdj.knks"kjfgrk iw.kZr% OkSKkfudh O;kogkfjdh ifj"d`rk ifjekfTZkrk
O;ofLFkrk vuq'kkflrk Hkk"kklq eq[;k e/kqjk fnO;k lqjHkk"kk nsook.kh
xhokZ.kHkkjrh bfr vfLrA
laLd`rHkk"kk;k% oSf'k"V~;e~ &
|
1.
|
osn
¼Jqfr½&
|
d-
_Xosn%&
|
v-
lafgrk&
|
_d~
lafgrk&
|
10e.Myksa
esa 1017lwDr ;k eU=] ;K esa gkse djus okys gksrk gsrq bldk iz;kstuA
|
|
|
|
|
c-
czkã.k &
|
,srjs;
czkã.k &
|
40v/;k;]
jkT;kfHk"ksd] vfXugks=kfn fØ;kvksa dk o.kZu gSA
|
|
|
|
|
|
dkS"khrdh
czkã.k &
|
30v/;k;]
lkse;kx dk o.kZu] bls lka[;k;u Hkh dgrs gSaA
|
|
|
|
|
l-
mifu"kn~ &
|
,srjs;
vkSj dkS"khrdh mifu"kn~A
|
|
|
|
|
[k-
;tqosZn &
|
v-
lafgrk &
|
blds
nks Hkkx gSa &
1-d`".k
;k rSfRrjh;
2-'kqDy
;k oktlus;h
|
blesa
40 v/;k;ksa esa 1776 eU= gSaA
;K
dk dk;Z djus okys v/o;Zq gsrq iz;kstuA
|
|
|
|
|
c-
czkã.k &
|
rSfRrjh;
vkSj 'kriFkA
|
|
|
|
|
|
l-
mifu"kn~ &
|
rSfRrjh;]
dB] 'osrk'oj] o`gnkj.;d vkSj bZ'kksifu"kn~A
|
|
|
|
|
x-
lkeosn &
|
v-
lafgrk &
|
|
blesa
15Hkkx 32v/;k;ksa esa cWVs gSa rFkk ea= la[;k 460 gSA mn~xkrk lkse;kx esa
xkrk gSA
|
|
|
|
|
c-
czkã.k &
|
roYdkj]
NkUnksX; vkSj iapkfoa'kA
|
|
|
|
|
|
l-
mifu"kn~ &
|
dsu
vkSk NkUnksX;A
|
|
|
|
|
?k-
vFkoZosn&
|
v-
lafgrk &
|
|
20dk.M
esa 431ea=] iz/kku ;ktd ;kus czãk gsrq iz;kstuA
|
|
|
|
|
c-
czkã.k &
|
xksiFk
|
|
|
|
|
|
l-
mifu"kn~ &
|
ek.MwD;]
eq.Md vkSj izLuA
|
|
|
2.
|
Le`fr
&
|
euq]
;kKoYD;] 'ka[k o ikjk'kjA¼4;qxksa gsrq4 Le`fr;kW½&d`rs rq ekuok%
izksDrk%] =srk;ka ;kKoYD;tk%A
}kijs 'ka[kfyf[krk% dykS
ikjk'kjk% Le`rk%AA
|
|||
|
3.
|
iqjk.k%&18
|
czã]in~e]fo".kq]f'ko]Hkkxor]ukjn]ekjd.Ms;]vfXu]Hkfo";]czãoSorZ]fyax]okjkg]LdUn]okeu]dweZ]eRL;]x#.k
o czãk.MA
|
|||
|
4.
|
miiqjk.k18
|
luRdqekj]
ujflag] o`gUukjnh;] f'kojgL;] nqokZlk] dfiy] okeu] HkkxZo] o#.k] dkfydk]
lkEc] uUnh] lw;Z] ijk'kj] of'k"B] nsohHkkxor] x.ks'k] o galA
|
|||
|
5.
|
bfrgkl
&
|
jkek;.k
&
|
lw;Zoa'kh
jktkvksa dh dFkkA
|
||
|
|
|
egkHkkjr
&
|
pUnzoa'kh
jktkvksa dh dFkkA
|
||
|
6.
|
osnkax&
|
1-f'k{kk
&
|
mPpkj
vkSj LojfoospuA
|
||
|
|
|
2-dYi
&
|
;Kkfn
fof/k] ;KHkwfe dh ukitks[k ,oa vk/kqfud ckrsaA
|
||
|
|
|
3-O;kdj.k
&
|
blds
vfUre fo}ku ikf.kfu FksA
|
||
|
|
|
4-
fu#Dr &
|
'kCn
O;qRifRr vkfn ] blds fuekZrk ;kLdA
|
||
|
|
|
5-
NUn &
|
'kCnksa
dh xs;rk laca/khA
|
||
|
|
|
6-
T;ksfr"k &
|
;Kksa
dh fof'k"V vko';drkiwfrZ gsrq T;ksfr"k dk tUe gqvkA
|
||
|
7.
|
‘kM~n”kZue~&
|
1-vkfLrd
&
|
1-
U;k; &
|
izorZd&xkSrecq)
|
pkj
izek.k& izR;{k] vuqeku] mieku] “kkCnA
|
|
|
|
|
2-
oS”ksf’kd&
|
izorZd&d.kkn
|
izek.k&nzO;]
xq.k] deZ] lkekU;] fo”ks’k] leok;A
¼
izR;{k]vuqeku]“kkCnA½
|
|
|
|
|
3-
lka[; &
|
izorZd&dfiy
|
izek.k&
izd`fr] iq#’kA ¼ vizR;{k] vuqeku] “kkCnA½
|
|
|
|
|
4-
;ksx &
|
izorZd&iratfy
|
¼izek.k&izR;{k]vuqeku]“kkCnA½
|
|
|
|
|
5-eheka”kk¼iwoZ
eheka”kk½&
|
izorZd&tSfefu
|
¼izek.k&izR;{k]vuqeku]“kkCn]mieku]
vFkkZifRrA½
|
|
|
|
|
6-osnkUr¼mRrj
eheka”kk½
|
izorZd&vkpk;Z
“kadj
|
¼izek.k&izR;{k]vuqeku]“kkCn]mieku]vFkkZifRr]vuqiyfC/kA½
|
|
|
|
2-ukfLrd
&
|
1-
tSu&
|
|
izek.k&izR;{k]
vizR;{kA
|
|
|
|
|
2-
ckS) &
|
|
izek.k&izR;{k
vuqekuA
|
|
|
|
|
3-
pkokZd &
|
|
izR;{k
|
|
|
iqjk.kL;
izek.ke~ & izek.k&izR;{k] vuqeku] “kCn] mieku] vFkkZifRr] vuqiyfC/k]
,rsº;laHkoA
|
||||
|
|
vU;
&
1-
yksdO;ogkj% 2-
fpjiqjkru&fpjuwru
3- lkekftdlejlrk 4- jk‘Vªh; ,dkRedrk
5-
oSKkfudrk 6- lkaLd`frdrk 7- lkfgfR;drk 8- laxhrkRedrk
9-
dykRedrk 10- d`f’k 11- O;olk; 12- Ik”kqikyu
13- Ik;kZoj.k 14- iq#’kkFkZ 15- pkj vkJe 16- pkj o.kZ
17- ‘kksM”k laLdkj 18- f“k{kk 19- LokLF; 20- fpfdRlk
21- ljyxzkE;thou 22- vkn”kZ nkEiR; 23- la;qDr ifjokj 24- L=hleknj
25- fofo/krk
esa ,drk 26- loZtufgrk;fpUru 27- xzUFkksa dh lcls lqnk?kZ
ijEijk 28- laosnu”khyrk
29- izR;ds
xzUFk dh vizfrerk o lEiw.kZrkA ;Fkk&ukV~;”kkL=&u rRKkua u rfPNYia
--------------] egkHkkjr&;fngkfLr rnU;= -----A
|
||||
,oa laLd`rHkk"kk
vLekda ns’kL; izkphurek Hkk"kk vfLrA izkphudkys losZ ,o Hkkjrh;k%
laLd`rHkk"kk;k% ,o O;ogkja dqoZfUr Le A dkykUrjs fofo/kk% izkUrh;k%
Hkk"kk% izpfyrk% vHkou~ fdUrq
laLd`rL; egRoa v|kfi v{kq..ka orZrs A losZ izkphuxzUFkk% pRokjks osnk% p laLd`rHkk"kk;keso lfUr A laLd`rHkk"kk Hkkjr jk"Vª;
,drk;k% vk/kkj% vfLr A laLd`rHkk"kk;k% ;RLo:ia v| izkI;rs ] rnso v|r% lglzo”iwoZefi vklhr~ A laLd`rHkk"kk;k%
Lo:ia iw.kZ:is.k oSKkfud vfLr A vL;
O;kdj.ka iw.kZr% rdZlEera lqfuf’pra p
vfLrA vkpk;Z nf.Muk lE;xsoksDre~&**Hkk"kklq eq[;k e/kqjk fnO;k
xhokZ.kHkkjrh A** v/kquk vfi lax.kdL; d`rs laLd`rHkk"kk vfr mi;qDrk vfLrA
laLd`rHkk"kSo HkkjrL; izk.kHkwrk Hkk"kk vfLrA jk"VªL; ,sD;a p
lk/k;fr A Hkkjrh;xkSjoL; j{k.kk; ,rL;k% izlkjL; loSZjso drZO;%A vr ,o
mP;rs & **laLd`fr% laLd`rkfJrk** A
,oe~ vfHky{;
fczfV’kk% fpfUrroUr% ;r~ Hkkjrs nh?kZdkya ‘’kklua dj.kh;a psr~ v=R;tukuka
LokfHkeku%] J)k p uk’kuh;k] v=R;k% rs"kka izsj.kklzksrr% vFkkZr~ laLd`frr%
ijEijkr% p NsRrO;k% bfrA fd´p ns’kekule~ vkaXyfu"Ba dj.kh;a bfr A ,rsu
mn~ns’;};su ,o esdkys}kjk vkaXyf’k{k.ke~ vkjC/ke~A izkKk% onfUr ;r~ dL;fpr~ jk"VªL; uk’k% dj.kh;% psr~
rL; jk"VªL; laLd`fr% uk’kuh;kA laLd`fr%
uk’kuh;k psr~ lkaLd`frdHkk"kk uk’kuh;k bfrA HkkjrL;
lkaLd`frdHkk"kka laLd`rHkk"kka uk’kf;rqa vkaXySS% dk;Z=;a d`re~A
izFkea dk;Za rkor~ lokZlka laLd`rikB’kkykuka fi/kkua d`Rok vkaXyfo|ky;kuke~
vkjEHk%] f}rh;a rq ^laLd`rHkk"kk e`rHkk"kk* bfr izpkj%] r`rh;a rkor~
laLd`rL; f’k{k.kfof/kifjorZue~A
|
|
|
|
|
ifj.kker% ^laLd`rHkk"kk
e`rHkk"kk* bfr izfl)kA ;|fi laLd`rs vk/kqfudfoKkuksi;qDrk% vusds
fo"k;k% lfUr] ijUrq rs"kke~ vk/kqfudfoKkfudfl)kUrS% lg rksyf;Rok
lektksi;qDrrka izdk’kf;rqa leFkZ% x.k% ukfLrA ;r% laLd`rPNk=k% vk/kqfuda foKkua
u tkufUrA vk/kqfudfoKkuPNk=k% laLd`ra u tkufUrA vr% bnkuheLEkkfHk% rkn`’k%
df’pn~ x.k% fuekZrO;%] ;% mHk;= leFkZ% L;kr~A
laLd`rHkk"k;k
iqu% iqoZruoSHkoa izkIrO;a psr~ laLd`rKS% laLd`rkuqjkfxfHk’p rnuqdwyk% iz;klk%
fo/ks;k%A r= izFke% laLd`rsu lEHkk"k.ke~A izfrfnua d’pu~ le;% rnFkZa
fofu;ksDrO;%A vFk laLd`rKsu laLd`rek/;esuk/;kiuozra Lohdj.kh;e~] rFkk laLd`rs
orZekukuka ’kkL=h;fopkjk.kka ljylaLd`rsu vfHkO;DR;S iz;kl% drZO;% ;su
vU;{ks=s"kq dk;Za dqokZ.kk% ljylaLd`rKkuek=s.k rku~ fopkjku~ tkuh;q%A
vfLeu~ vk/kqfuds oSKkfuds ;qxs ,sfgdQynkf;U;k% fo|k;k% ,o vknj% n`’;rs A vr%
laLd`rL;kfi ,sfgdQylk/kdRoa O;oLFkkiuh;e~A laLd`rL; laLd`rek/;esu ikBua fouk
laLd`rL; laLd`rKL; p Hkkoh dky% mUur% Hkforqa ukgZfrA fd´p laLd`rL;
laLd`rek/;esu ikBua] vU;Hk"kkek/;ekr~ lqyHkrje~A
|
|
|
|
d”pu~ xzke%A
xzkelehis egn~ oue~ vklhr~A rLekn~ oukr~ ;nk&dnk·fi flagxtZua Jw;rs LeA
rLekr~ tuk% tkufUr Le ;n~ ous flag% olfrA df´pRdkya ;kor~ flagxtZua u Jqre~A
tuk% fpfUrroUr% &flag% dq=k·fi xroku~ bfrA vurjdkys dnkfi flagL; xtZueso u
Jqre~ rnk tuk% fu.khZroUr% flag% e`r% bfrA ,oeso cgks% dkykr~ laLd`rflagkuka
xtZueso u Jqre~ bfr dkj.kr% v| laLd`rfo"k;s vfi ^^laLd`ra futhZoe~** bfr
vk{ksi% Jw;rsA ;|fi ,oa ukfLr] vr% laLd`rsu laHkk"k.ka vo”;a dj.kh;e~A
|
|
|
|
|
df’eaf’pr~
ns’ks ^^v.o=e~** vfLr psr~ u i;kZIre~A rL; iz{ksi.kk; **felkby** vko’;de~A
lad`ra ^^v.oL=e~** boA lEHkk"k.ke~ **felkby** boA lEHkk"k.k}kjk
laLd`rlUns’ka izfruxja] izfrxzkea] izfrO;fDrân;a p izki;ke%A lEHkk"k.ka
Hkkjrh;kuka vLeku~ vLekda vrhrsu oSHkosu lg] vLekda ijEij;k lg p la;kst;frA
**laLd`rsu laHkk"k.ka dq#] thouL; ifjorZua dq#** bR;;e~ vk?kks"k%
cgqH;% izsj.kkeU=% vfLrA laLd`rsu laHkk"k.kfeR;srr~ laLd`r{ks=s fo|ekuke~
vdeZ.;rka fueZwyf;rqa czã’kkL=e~] tkM~;e~ vilkjf;rqa jkeck.k% pA vr% vLekfHk%
n`<sPNk’kDR;k ladYi% dj.kh;% ;r~ & ;= ;= xPNke% r= r= laLd`rlaHkk"k.ka
u;ke%A laLd`rlaHkk"k.k;Ks Lothoulfe/ka leiZ;ke% pA
कोई टिप्पणी नहीं:
एक टिप्पणी भेजें